本文将讲解Exchange的数据保护，看完这篇文章会让你对如何保护数据的操作有更加清晰的理解和运用。

活动目录数据库: Ntds.dit - AD数据库文件 Edbxxxxx.log - 事务日志 Edb.chk - 检查点文件 Res1.log and Res2.log - 保留日志文件 日志文件尺寸是固定的(10mb for AD) Domain date(账户信息...) Configuration date(list of domains...) Schema date(definition of all objects...)-->这三种数据是在DC直接被复制的 系统状态数据包括: 系统启动文件(boot files) 本机注册表 COM+类库注册信息 SYSVOL信息 备份时应该考虑的问题: System State,system disk contents,and the SYSVOL folder 活动目录的失效期: 默认60 days 如果使用超过60天的备份来做恢复,是不可能成功的 Backup date from a DC can only be used to restore that DC

如何进行AD的恢复(参考): Determine the type of disaster: Database corruption: Damaged disks DC hardware failure Software failure - server cannot boot Data corruption: Accidentally deleted object from directory

Methods to restore Windows 2003 DC: Re-installation Backup

Exchange的相关信息都保存在那里? 注册表和IIS的metabase: System state backup 活动目录中的用户数据: Users,Groups,and Contacts Replicated to GCs Most Exchange information placed on existing objects are replicated between Global Catalogs 活动目录中的Exchange配置信息: Exchange System Objects Public Folder Directory entries Active Directory Connector (ADC)settings

单一邮件或邮箱的恢复: 如果是Exchange 2000,需要搭建专用的Recovery Server : 在孤立的网络环境中安装Windows 2000 创建一个森林 运行ForestPrep,创建跟之前的环境相同的组织 安装Exchange System 管理工具 使用ESM创建跟之前的环境相同的管理组 安装Exchange 2000和所有的必需补丁(跟之前环境保持一致) 把数据库和存储组改为跟之前环境相同的名称 Dismount数据库,准备进行恢复 从磁带进行恢复 

导出邮件

如果是Exchange 2003,可以使用Recovery storage group ->//support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;824126

Recovery Storage Group: RSG per Server/Information Store Restore mailbox DBs from same SG Restore SG/DBs from same AG User mailboxes remain disconnected Only MAPI protocol supported Restores default into RSG Active/Passive one restore storage group per EVS ONE recovery storage group per cluster supported

受损数据库的恢复: 常见的数据库损坏症状: 硬件故障 在事件日志中的-1080错误 Three layers of corruption that can occur : Page level ESE level Store level To remove corruption : Restore an uncorrupted backup of the database Repair the database Expunge the corrupted pages from the database Salvage data and generate a new database

Errors 1018 and 1019 ->Error 1018: JET_errReadVerifyFailure: Bad checksum/Wrong page number Hardware/Firmware File system corruption How serious are 1018 Errors? During normal operation (somewhat serious) During startup(likely fatal) During backup (may be minor) Error 1019: JET_errPageNotlnitialized ->What causes Error 1019? Special case of error 1018(page is replaced with zeroes) Bad page links ---->Event ID: 23 Source: EDB Type: Error Category: Database Page Cache Description: MSExchangeIS((455))Direct read found corrupted page error -1018((1:251563)(0-2295758),251563 379225672 381322824).Please restore the database from a previous backup

Errors 1022 and 1216 ->Error 1022:JET_errDiskIO: Disk I/O failure File damage or truncation File locked by another process Anti-virus software Error 1216(Q296843)files in the database's running set are missing or have been replaced : When storage group starts system analyses header information If logs are missing: Restore the database from backup Repair the database by using -->ESEUTIL/P followed by ESEUTIL /D and ISINTEG-fix Q296843 -more details

受损数据库的恢复: 恢复的步骤和注意事项: NTBackup Eseutil /cc Eseutil /p XADM: Offline Backup and Restore Procedures for Exchange 2000 Q296788 XADM: How Log Files Are Replayed During Exchange 2000 Restore Q232922

ESEUtil: ESE level maintenance utility: Dumping information -> /m Offline Degragmentation -> /d Integrity Check -> /g Database Repair -> /p Hard Recovery -> /c Soft Recovery -> /r Checksum -> /k

ESEUTIL /m: Dumping Information --> /mh database_filename: Dump EDB header /ml log_filename: Dump log header /mk checkpoint_filename: Dump checkpoint header /ms database_filename: Dump space usage /m database_filename /pnnn: Dump Page number nnn

ESEUTIL /c: Hard Recovery --> ESEUTIL /cc : Start hard recovery ESEUTIL /cc/t: Start hard recovery and only play logs in temp folder ESEUTIL /cm restore.env: Dump restore .env file

服务器重建: 使用/disasterrecovery模式进行安装 //support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;257415 避免把Exchange和DC安装在同一台服务器上

MUST READ -> Disaster Recovery for Microsoft Exchange 2000 Server.pdf Exchange 2000 Disaster

希望这篇文章可以帮助到你。总之，同学们，你想要的职坐标IT频道都能找到！