RabbitMQ发送消息时，都是先把消息发送给ExChange（交换机），然后再分发给有相应RoutingKey（路由）关系的Queue（队列）。

ExChange和Queue之前是多对多的关系。

RabbitMQ 3.0之后创建ExChange时，有四种类型可选“fanout、direct、topic、headers”。

一、fanout

当向一个fanout发送一个消息时，RoutingKey的设置不起作用。

消息会被发送给同一个交换机下的所有队列，每个队列接收到的消息是一样的；

一个队列内有所有消费者（包含那些并没有相应RoutingKey的消费者），将平分队列接收到的消息。

----------------消息生产者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout", true, false, null);

String message = "hello world! ";

for(int i=0;i<100;i++)

{

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, (message+i).getBytes());

}

System.out.println("Sent msg finish");

channel.close();

connection.close();

----------------消息消费者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

//声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout", true, false, null);

//声明队列

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);

//绑定路由和队列

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "routkey2", null);

System.out.println(" Waiting for msg....");

Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,  AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) {

String message = "";

try

{

message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

}

catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (Throwable ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("Received msg='" + message + "'");

}

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

二、direct

当向一个direct发送一个消息时，消息会被发送给同一个交换机下的拥有相应RoutingKey的队列，每个队列接收到的消息是一样的；

一个队列内拥有相应RoutingKey的消费者，将平分队列接收到的消息。

----------------消息生产者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", true, false, null);

String message = "hello world! ";

for(int i=0;i<100;i++)

{

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", null, (message+i).getBytes());

}

System.out.println("Sent msg is '" + message + "'");

channel.close();

connection.close();

----------------消息消费者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

//声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", true, false, null);

//声明队列

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);

//绑定路由和队列

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", null);

System.out.println(" Waiting for msg....");

Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)

{

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,

byte[] body)

{

String message = "";

try

{

message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

}

catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (Throwable ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("1 Received msg='" + message + "'");

}

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

三、topic

当向一个topic发送一个消息时，消息会被发送给同一个交换机下的拥有相应RoutingKey的队列，每个队列接收到的消息是一样的；

一个队列内有所有消费者（包含那些并没有相应RoutingKey的消费者），将平分队列接收到的消息。

----------------消息生产者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic", true, false, null);

String message = "hello world! ";

// int i=101;

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", null, (message + i).getBytes());

}

System.out.println("Sent msg is '" + message + "'");

channel.close();

connection.close();

----------------消息消费者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic", true, false, null);

//声明队列

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);

//绑定路由和队列// 把队列绑定到路由上并指定headers

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", null);

System.out.println("1 Waiting for msg....");

Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)

{

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)

{

String message = "";

try

{

message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

}

catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (Throwable ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("1 Received msg='" + message + "'");

}

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

四、headers

当向一个headers发送一个消息时，消息会被发送给同一个交换机下的拥有相应RoutingKey或者headers的队列，每个队列接收到的消息是一样的；

一个队列内有所有消费者（包含那些并没有相应RoutingKey或headers的消费者），将平分队列接收到的消息。

----------------消息生产者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);// MQ主机

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "headers", true, false, null);

// 设置消息头键值对信息

Map<String, Object> headers = new Hashtable<String, Object>();

headers.put("name", "jack");

headers.put("age", 31);

Builder builder = new Builder();

builder.headers(headers);

String message = "hello world! ";

// int i=101;

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", builder.build(), (message + i).getBytes());

}

System.out.println("Sent msg is '" + message + "'");

channel.close();

connection.close();

----------------消息消费者----------------

ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

factory.setHost(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_IP);

factory.setPort(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PORT);// MQ端口

factory.setUsername(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_USER);// MQ用户名

factory.setPassword(S_RabbitMQ.QUEUE_PWD);// MQ密码

Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

// 声明路由名字和类型

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "headers", true, false, null);

// 声明队列

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);

// 设置消息头键值对信息

Map<String, Object> headers = new Hashtable<String, Object>();

// 这里x-match有两种类型

// all:表示所有的键值对都匹配才能接受到消息

// any:表示只要有键值对匹配就能接受到消息

headers.put("x-match", "all");

headers.put("name", "jack");

headers.put("age", 30);

// 把队列绑定到路由上并指定headers

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "routingkey1", headers);

System.out.println(" Waiting for msg....");

Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)

{

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException

{

System.out.println("Received start --------------");

for (Entry<String, Object> entry : properties.getHeaders().entrySet())

{

System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());

}

String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

System.out.println("msg='" + message + "'");

System.out.println("Received end --------------");

}

};

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);

希望这篇文章可以帮助到你。总之，同学们，你想要的职坐标IT频道都能找到！